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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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jordan.4
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1991-04-08
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Economy
Overview: Jordan was a secondary beneficiary of the oil
boom of the late 1970s and early 1980s, when its GNP growth
averaged 10-12%. Recent years, however, have witnessed a
sharp reduction in cash aid from Arab oil-producing countries
and in worker remittances, with growth averaging 1-2%. Imports--
mainly oil, capital goods, consumer durables, and foodstuffs--
have been outstripping exports by roughly $2 billion annually,
the difference being made up by aid, remittances, and borrowing.
In 1989 the government pursued policies to encourage private
investment, curb imports of luxury goods, promote exports,
reduce the budget deficit, and, in general, reinvigorate
economic growth. Success will depend largely on exogenous
forces, such as the absence of drought and a pickup in outside
support. Down the road, the completion of the proposed Unity
Dam on the Yarmuk is vital to meet rapidly growing requirements
for water.
GNP: $5.2 billion, per capita $1,760; real growth rate 0% (1989).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 35% (1989 est.).
Unemployment rate: 9-10% (December 1989 est.).
Budget: revenues $0.92 billion; expenditures $1.6 billion,
including capital expenditures of $540 million (1989 est.).
Exports: $0.910 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--fruits
and vegetables, phosphates, fertilizers; partners--Iraq,
Saudi Arabia, India, Kuwait, Japan, China, Yugoslavia, Indonesia.
Imports: $1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1989 est.); commodities--crude
oil, textiles, capital goods, motor vehicles, foodstuffs;
partners--EC, US, Saudi Arabia, Japan, Turkey, Romania,
China, Taiwan.
External debt: $8.3 billion (December 1989).
Industrial production: growth rate -7.8% (1988 est.).
Electricity: 981,000 kW capacity; 3,500 million kWh produced,
1,180 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: phosphate mining, petroleum refining, cement,
potash, light manufacturing.
Agriculture: accounts for only 5% of GDP; principal products
are wheat, barley, citrus fruit, tomatoes, melons, olives;
livestock--sheep, goats, poultry; large net importer of food.
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $1.7 billion;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-87), $1.2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $9.5
billion; Communist countries (1970-88), $44 million.
Currency: Jordanian dinar (plural--dinars); 1 Jordanian
dinar (JD) = 1,000 fils.
Exchange rates: Jordanian dinars (JD) per US$1--0.6557 (January
1990), 0.5704 (1989), 0.3715 (1988), 0.3387 (1987), 0.3499
(1986), 0.3940 (1985).
Fiscal year: calendar year.